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Lithium: who produces it, who holds it

Mine production by country, 2025, and reserves, from USGS (Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026)). Shares, ranks and concentration are computed from those rows.

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Concentration of mine production: How this is computedSum of the squares of each producer’s share of world output (0–1).Method →Code → on the Herfindahl index over the countries listed individually (a single supplier would score one). Reserves: How this is computedSum of the squares of each producer’s share of world output (0–1).Method →Code →.

CountryMine production, 2025 (tonnes)2024Share · rankReserves (tonnes)Share · rankExport restrictions
AustraliaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →82,700How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →8,400,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
ChinaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →41,400How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →4,600,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
ChileSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →48,900How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →9,200,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
ZimbabweSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →20,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →500,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →4
ArgentinaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →13,800How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →4,400,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →1
BrazilSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →10,200How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →540,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
MaliSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →770How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →370,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
CanadaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →4,820How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →1,600,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
PortugalSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium · 2025Open the source →380How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →60,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
United Stateswithheld (W)withheld (W)—4,400,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—

World total 2025: 290,000 tonnes; reserves: 37,000,000 tonnes. Countries USGS or EIA fold into “other countries” are not listed or ranked. USGS reserves: the part of an identified resource that could be economically extracted or produced at the time of determination (MCS Appendix C). Roughly proved + probable; not the broader resource. USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Lithium, table “World Mine Production and Reserves”, read 2026-09-25.

Export restrictions on lithium

OECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Critical Raw Materials (2024 data). About 80 exporting countries. A country or resource with no row is not recorded in the inventory, which is not the same as unrestricted. OECD Data Explorer ↗