Skip to content
Substrata
Join

Material · Actuation & Robotics · CN AU MY CA EE GB

Dysprosium metal

A rare earth added to magnets so they keep their strength when hot. Almost entirely Chinese, and export-controlled.

Searching is free and needs no AI. Summaries use your own AI model.

Severity
How this is computedSum of four judged scores, each 0–3: concentration + substitution + lead time + inelasticity.Method →Code →
How hard it binds, 0 to 12
When it bites
Now
judged 2026-09-15
Evidence
Unverified
5 maker rows

01Key numbers

dated, each linked to its source

Every series on every bottleneck — filter, compare and download.

02Why it holds things up

Heavy rare earths are a far narrower chain than light ones, feedstock included. Small volumes, no substitute for hot-running magnets, and separation concentrated in effectively one jurisdiction.

Grade that ships · ≥99% dysprosium metal. Export-licence and end-use documentation required.

Part of the process · Actuation, which takes years, at the magnet to loosen once somebody decides to.

03Severity

judged 2026-09-15 · a judgement, not a measurement

How this is computedSum of four judged scores, each 0–3: concentration + substitution + lead time + inelasticity.Method →Code → / 12

How few suppliers qualify
Estimate, not a measurementHeavy rare earth, Chinese and export-controlled since 2025. Grain-boundary diffusion reduces the need but does not remove it.By Substrata, open to challenge · 2026-09-15 / 3
How hard to replace
Estimate, not a measurementHeavy rare earth, Chinese and export-controlled since 2025. Grain-boundary diffusion reduces the need but does not remove it.By Substrata, open to challenge · 2026-09-15 / 3
Decision to new capacity
Estimate, not a measurementHeavy rare earth, Chinese and export-controlled since 2025. Grain-boundary diffusion reduces the need but does not remove it.By Substrata, open to challenge · 2026-09-15 / 3
Can the buyer walk away
Estimate, not a measurementHeavy rare earth, Chinese and export-controlled since 2025. Grain-boundary diffusion reduces the need but does not remove it.By Substrata, open to challenge · 2026-09-15 / 3

Heavy rare earth, Chinese and export-controlled since 2025. Grain-boundary diffusion reduces the need but does not remove it.

04How much, and where

world total 390,000 tonnes (2024, estimated)

What these figures count · ALL rare earths, mined, as rare-earth-oxide equivalent — not this element, and not separated metal. Read the stage before the number: this is mined output.

  • ChinaSourcedUSGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 · 2024Open the source → (2024)

    How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → of mined world output · reserves SourcedUSGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 · 2024Open the source → · about How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at this rate

  • United States of AmericaSourcedUSGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 · 2024Open the source → (2024)

    How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → of mined world output · reserves SourcedUSGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 · 2024Open the source → · about How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at this rate

  • MyanmarSourcedUSGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 · 2024, estimated by the sourceOpen the source → (2024, est.)

    How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → of mined world output

Concentration · How this is computedSum of the squares of each producer’s share of world output (0–1).Method →Code → on the Herfindahl index across 3 recorded producers, where 1.00 is a single supplier. This is arithmetic from the figures above, not the judgement shown under severity — the two are worth comparing.

All rare earths, mined, as REO equivalent. Dysprosium is a small fraction of it, and separation is downstream and far more concentrated. Figures are read 2026-09-17 from the source ↗. Reserves are not resources: what is economic to extract, not what exists.

05Who makes it

0 verified of 5 rows

5 of 5 unsourced rows have pages the sourcing engine found that nobody has checked yet.

OrganisationStepEvidence
China Rare Earth GroupNo listing foundRefine
5 found, unchecked
  • China's Rare Earths Duopoly ↗

    “t, and how they built Beijing’s rare earth weapon. That’s exactly what we’ll explore in today’s deep dive. This story revolves around China’s two creatively-named state-owned giants, China Northern Rare Earth 中国北方稀土 and China Rare-Earths Group 中国稀土 (CREG). We’re going to call them “China Northern” and “China Southern” from here on out; CREG doesn’t have Southern in its name, but it’s in the South, and we think it’s a lot catchier. The fact that these t”

  • China Rare Earth Group: National Champion Profile ↗

    “China Rare Earth Group: National Champion Profile Sign in Markets Rare Earth Markets & Pricing Mining & Exploration Industry Processing & Separation Technology Recycling & Circular Economy Sustainability & ESG News Applications & Energy”

  • News - Rare Earths ↗

    “ushes Back Against Report of Possible Takeover by State-Owned Group by Eric Damasceno Hendrich on September 21, 2026 Reuters reported exclusively over the weekend on a possible takeover of Shenghe Resources by the state-owned China Rare Earth Group. Shenghe Resources, a publicly listed Chinese rare earths group […] China’s Dysprosium Exports Fall Sharply as Terbium Shipments Rise by Eric Damasceno Hendrich on September 21, 2026 China exported significa”

  • China Rare Earth Group Deepens Alliance with Shenzhen, Signaling Continued Consolidation of China's Rare Earth Industrial Complex ↗

    “China Rare Earth Group Deepens Alliance with Shenzhen, Signaling Continued Consolidation of China's Rare Earth Industrial Complex News China Rare Earth Group Deepens Alliance with Shenzhen, Signaling Continued Consolidation of China's R”

  • Top 10 Dysprosium Producers in 2026 ↗

    “and DFS outputs. For background on dysprosium’s properties and end-uses, see our guide to what dysprosium is and why it matters . Current dysprosium prices are tracked monthly using Shanghai Metals Market benchmark data. 1. China Rare Earth Group — China China Rare Earth Group (CREG) is the single most important dysprosium producer on earth. Formed in 2021 through a state-directed consolidation of six major southern Chinese rare earth enterprises, CREG”

Shenghe Resources600392 CHRefine
20 found, unchecked
Lynas Rare EarthsLYC AURefine
7 found, unchecked
  • Lynas jetzt erster Produzent schwerer Seltener Erden außerhalb Chinas! | GOLDINVEST ↗

    “nas jetzt erster Produzent schwerer Seltener Erden außerhalb Chinas! | GOLDINVEST Zum Hauptinhalt springen Mit der erfolgreichen Produktion von Dysprosium in ihrer Verarbeitungsanlage in Malaysia steigt die australische Lynas Rare Earths (WKN 871899 / ASX LYC) zum ersten Produzenten der so genannten „schweren“ Seltenen Erden außerhalb Chinas auf! Dysprosium ist eines der gar nicht so seltenen Elemente, das zur Herstellung von Hochleistungsmagneten benöt”

  • Lynas Rare Earths Aktie: Wird erster Dysprosium-Lieferant außerhalb Chinas () | aktiencheck.de ↗

    “Lynas Rare Earths Aktie: Wird erster Dysprosium-Lieferant außerhalb Chinas () | aktiencheck.de LSR LSR DAX 25.409 -0,02% MDAX 31.031 -0,09% SDAX 18.125 -0,36% TecDAX 3.975 -0,03% Dow Jones 0,00% Nasdaq 100 -0,85% mehr > Aktien Home Mobil”

  • Lynas Rare Earths: Operations, Financials & Profile ↗

    “Lynas Rare Earths: Operations, Financials & Profile Sign in Markets Rare Earth Markets & Pricing Mining & Exploration Industry Processing & Separation Technology Recycling & Circular Economy Sustainability & ESG News Applications & Energ”

  • Top 10 Dysprosium Producers in 2026 ↗

    “capacity — a dependency that has intensified since China halted heavy rare earth exports to several destinations in 2025. Outside China, commercial-scale production of separated dysprosium oxide began only in May 2025, when Lynas Rare Earths commissioned a dedicated separation circuit at its Malaysian facility. This list ranks the ten leading dysprosium producers and supply sources by current output and strategic weight, from the dominant state-owned Ch”

  • Lynas Rare Earths Aktie: Dysprosium und Terbium ohne China ↗

    “Lynas Rare Earths Aktie: Dysprosium und Terbium ohne China Sie befinden sind hier: Startseite > Börse > Unternehmensnachrichten > Lynas Rare Earths Aktie: Dysprosium und Terbium ohne ... Glänzende Seltenerd-Mineralien auf einem dunklen i”

  • Summary of Rare Earths - Lynas Rare Earths ↗

    “Summary of Rare Earths - Lynas Rare Earths Summary of Rare Earths Summary of Rare Earths and their key attributes Yttrium or Y (39) – is a non-lanthanide rare earth element used to produce superconductors, powerful pulsed lasers, cancer treatment drugs, rheuma”

  • Our Products - Lynas Rare Earths ↗

    “Our Products - Lynas Rare Earths Our Products Our Products Product R&D US Markets Our Products Rare Earths are critical inputs to global megatrends that will shape economies and consumer behaviour over the next decade. These trends include sustainabl”

Neo Performance MaterialsNEO CNConvert
5 found, unchecked
Less Common MetalsNo listing foundConvert
3 found, unchecked
  • Iron - Less Common Metals ↗

    “does not reflect the actual appearance, quality, or functionality of the final product. Request Pricing The Precision Foundation for Advanced Intermetallics While Iron is the bedrock of global infrastructure, its role at Less Common Metals (LCM) is highly specialised. We provide the ultra-pure Iron matrix required for the world’s most advanced superalloys and high-performance permanent magnets.Standard industrial iron often contains trace contaminants t”

  • SecREEts - Less Common Metals ↗

    “SecREEts - Less Common Metals Skip to content SecREEts 29/06/2023 SecREEts (Secure European Critical Rare Earth Elements) What did the project achieve? This project started in 2018 and came to a close in 2022. The aim was to establish a stable and”

  • Dysprosium - Less Common Metals ↗

    “Dysprosium - Less Common Metals Skip to content Dysprosium Request Pricing Material information The Heat Shield of the Magnet World Ensuring performance under pressure with Less Common Metals. Dysprosium gets its name from the Greek ‘ dysprositos’ ,”

06What it rests on, and what rests on it

each row quotes the page it rests on

Depended on by

  • Rare-earth magnet sintering
    “heavy REs such as dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb) are used primarily in sintered magnets to improve their resistance to demagnetization at temperatures above 120 degrees C.”

    energy.gov · primary source

A recorded dependency is a sentence, not a share, a volume or a contract. Walk it on a portfolio →

07Rules that govern it

All policy →

08What would remove it

  • Rare-earth-lean and rare-earth-free motorsEstimate, not a measurementGrain-boundary diffusion is standard practice and rare-earth-free traction motors are in production; the trade-off is mass and efficiency, not feasibility.By Substrata, open to challenge · 2026-09-15Supporting source → · Qualified and entering production

    Cuts how much of the controlled element each motor needs, in some designs to zero.

All science →

09Science pipeline

49 papers, preprints and grants collected, unreviewed
  1. Research40 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)+5 (Computed: Items first collected in the last 7 days whose publication or award date is within the last 30 days.) new
  2. Lab6 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
  3. Pilot3 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
  4. Early0 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
  5. Scale0 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)

judged, with a citation claimed, no citationNumber: papers, preprints and grants the feeds collected — unreviewed

The full pipeline, by stage →

10What we have predicted

  • 2026-09-15open until 2028-03-31

    China will still require export licences for dysprosium and terbium at the end of 2027, and no non-Chinese source will supply more than a tenth of world heavy rare-earth separation capacity.

    Settled by · China's published control list as it stands at the end of 2027, plus capacity figures from a body such as the US Geological Survey or a named producer's own reporting.

All calls →

11Who could fund relief

Is funding the constraint? · Money is part of it

Mining is fundable and spreading. Separation and metal-making are where the concentration is, and those need capital plus a buyer willing to sign a long contract at above the Chinese price.

A mandate covering the kind of asset that would relieve this row. Not a claim that anyone has funded one, and not advice.

12What has happened

2 dated
  1. 2026-09-10
    TightensPolicyCN

    China’s November export controls will test whether rare-earth refining and recycling outside it can scale.

    fastmarkets.com ↗secondary source

    The sentence that says so

    “For decades, China has been the dominant supplier of the rare earths required to produce sintered neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets: neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr), dysprosium and terbium.”

  2. 2026-06-14
    LoosensCapacityUS

    Energy Fuels begins converting White Mesa to commercial dysprosium and terbium production from July.

    boerse-global.de ↗secondary source

    The sentence that says so

    “Energy Fuels startet im Juli die Umstellung auf die Produktion von Dysprosium und Terbium, während die Uranförderung am unteren Ende der Prognose bleibt.”

All events →

13What this holds up

2 loops
  • Worst judgement on this loop: How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →, judged 2026-09-15

  • Printed and machined partsone turn: Hours to days

    Worst judgement on this loop: How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →, judged 2026-09-15

A loop is one design, build and measure turn. Severity is a dated judgement on a 0–12 scale, not a measurement, and the judgements are not added together — the figure shown is the worst single one.

Discussion

Comments use threadkit (permission is participation). Sign in with OrangeCat to write. Fact-check is the same assistant as Ask, grounded in the corpus.

  • No comments yet.

Need an account? Sign in.