Rare-earth magnet sintering

• Trade volume · ChinaChina rare-earth permanent magnet exports, monthly5,010SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs · Aug 2026Open the source →Check this number with Ask tAug 2026−6.8%How this is computedThe latest value in a series minus the value before it, divided by the earlier value, same series and unit.5,375.1 (Jul 2026) → 5,010 (Aug 2026).Method →Code →Check this number with Ask vs Jul 2026 · tightens

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  2,000

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  6,000

  5,325 tMar 2025SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗1,238 tMay 2025SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗3,188 tJun 2025SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗5,375.1 tJul 2026Blooming Global citing China customs ↗5,010 tAug 2026SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗

  Mar 2025Aug 2026

  Period	Value	Source
  Aug 2026	5,010SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs · 2026-09-20Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗ secondary reportAccording to customs data, China's rare earth permanent magnet exports in August 2026 were 5,010 mt, down 6% MoM and down 18% YoY.
  Jul 2026	5,375.1SourcedBlooming Global citing China customs · 2026-08-21Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	Blooming Global citing China customs ↗ secondary reportIn July 2026, China exported 5,375.1 tonnes of rare earth permanent magnetsHS 85051110
  Jun 2025	3,188SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs · 2025-07-21Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗ secondary reportChina's rare earth magnet exports showed significant changes in June, with the total volume reaching 3,188 mt, a substantial increase of 157.5% compared to the 1,238 mt in May.
  May 2025	1,238SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs · 2025-07-21Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗ secondary reportChina's rare earth magnet exports showed significant changes in June, with the total volume reaching 3,188 mt, a substantial increase of 157.5% compared to the 1,238 mt in May.
  Mar 2025	5,325SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs · 2025-04-22Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗ secondary reportAccording to data from the General Administration of Customs, rare earth permanent magnet exports in March reached approximately 5,325 mt, up 49% MoM and 27% YoY.

  Read from the sources Read from the source by an agent; quote matched mechanically against the fetched page; not yet reviewed by a person, 2026-09-24. Each value links the page it came from and quotes the sentence that carries it.

  Series pageDownload CSV

• Trade volume · China -> USChina rare-earth permanent magnet exports to US, monthly647.3SourcedBlooming Global citing China customs · Jul 2026Open the source →Check this number with Ask tJul 2026+83%How this is computedThe latest value in a series minus the value before it, divided by the earlier value, same series and unit.352.8 (Jun 2025) → 647.3 (Jul 2026).Method →Code →Check this number with Ask vs Jun 2025 · loosens

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  352.8 tJun 2025SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗647.3 tJul 2026Blooming Global citing China customs ↗

  Jun 2025Jul 2026

  Period	Value	Source
  Jul 2026	647.3SourcedBlooming Global citing China customs · 2026-08-21Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	Blooming Global citing China customs ↗ secondary reportChina's rare earth magnet exports to the United States reached 647.3 tonnes in July 2026, the highest level since October 2025 and a new record for the month of July specifically.
  Jun 2025	352.8SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs · 2025-07-21Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) citing China customs ↗ secondary reportNotably, China's rare earth magnet exports to the US surged sharply to 352.8 mt in June, a 660% increase from May.

  Read from the sources Read from the source by an agent; quote matched mechanically against the fetched page; not yet reviewed by a person, 2026-09-24. Each value links the page it came from and quotes the sentence that carries it.

  Series pageDownload CSV

• Trade volume · ChinaChina rare-earth permanent magnet exports57,397SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2025Open the source →Check this number with Ask t2025−1.3%How this is computedThe latest value in a series minus the value before it, divided by the earlier value, same series and unit.58,142 (2024) → 57,397 (2025).Method →Code →Check this number with Ask vs 2024 · flat

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  53,109 t2022SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗52,575 t2023SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗58,142 t2024SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗57,397 t2025SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗

  20222025

  Period	Value	Source
  2025	57,397SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2026-04-28Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗ secondary reportAffected by China's April export controls on medium and heavy rare earths like Dysprosium and Terbium, total annual exports fell back to 57,397 tons.annual total
  2024	58,142SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2026-04-28Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗ secondary reportDriven by the integration effect of the China Rare Earth Group and the recovery of overseas demand, total annual exports climbed to a peak of 58,142 tons.annual total
  2023	52,575SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2026-04-28Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗ secondary reportEntering 2023, influenced by the European and American "de-risking" strategies, total exports briefly fell to 52,575 tons, yet structural changes had already occurredannual total
  2022	53,109SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2026-04-28Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗ secondary reportIn 2022, as the global supply chain was still in the post-pandemic recovery phase, total exports remained at a relatively high level of 53,109 tons.annual total

  Read from the sources Read from the source by an agent; quote matched mechanically against the fetched page; not yet reviewed by a person, 2026-09-24. Each value links the page it came from and quotes the sentence that carries it.

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• Trade volume · China -> USChina rare-earth permanent magnet exports to US5,933SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2025Open the source →Check this number with Ask t2025−20%How this is computedThe latest value in a series minus the value before it, divided by the earlier value, same series and unit.7,446 (2024) → 5,933 (2025).Method →Code →Check this number with Ask vs 2024 · tightens

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  7,308 t2023SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗7,446 t2024SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗5,933 t2025SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗

  20232025

  Period	Value	Source
  2025	5,933SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2026-04-28Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗ secondary reportNotably, imports to the US market plummeted to 5,933 tons, a significant year-on-year contraction, directly reflecting the blocking effect of the export licensing system on trade flows.annual total
  2024	7,446SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2026-04-28Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗ secondary reportGermany, with imports of 9,915 tons, became the core engine of the European market, and US imports also increased to 7,446 tons.annual total
  2023	7,308SourcedSMM (Shanghai Metals Market) · 2026-04-28Open the source →Check this number with Ask t	SMM (Shanghai Metals Market) ↗ secondary reportmeanwhile, US imports remained at 7,308 tons, reflecting the rigid dependence of its high-end manufacturing on Chinese magnetic materials.annual total

  Read from the sources Read from the source by an agent; quote matched mechanically against the fetched page; not yet reviewed by a person, 2026-09-24. Each value links the page it came from and quotes the sentence that carries it.

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Every series on every bottleneck — filter, compare and download.

Even where the metal is mined elsewhere, sintering and grain-boundary diffusion are concentrated in one jurisdiction. The chokepoint sits downstream of the mine, where most coverage is not looking.

Part of the process · Actuation, which takes years, at the magnet to loosen once somebody decides to.

10How this is computedSum of four judged scores, each 0–3: concentration + substitution + lead time + inelasticity.Method →Code →Check this number with Ask / 12

Downstream of the mine and concentrated in one jurisdiction. Where the 2025 export controls actually bit.

• 2025-04-04ChinaSlows building

  Announcement No. 18 of 2025 on export control of certain medium and heavy rare-earth items

  Puts seven rare earths under licence, including dysprosium and terbium — the elements that keep a magnet strong when it gets hot.

  Ministry of Commerce and General Administration of Customs ↗

All policy →

1. Research66 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)+6 (Computed: Items first collected in the last 7 days whose publication or award date is within the last 30 days.) new
2. Lab6 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
3. Pilot0 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
4. Early0 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
5. Scale0 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)

judged, with a citation claimed, no citationNumber: papers, preprints and grants the feeds collected — unreviewed

• Paper2026-10-12Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering0SourcedOpenAlex, as fetchedOpen the source →Check this number with Ask citations

  Decoupling the role of powder morphology in the orientation compaction of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets: DEM-assisted investigation of mechanical de-orientation during pressing ↗

  Abstract The morphological characteristics of Nd-Fe-B powders critically determine the packing behavior, stress transmission, and final magnetic properties during the orientation compaction process. However, direct numerical simulation of the coupled magnetic-mechanical alignment…

  Fundamental research · No laboratory or pilot wording.From OpenAlex · not yet reviewedDOI

• Paper2026-10-09Metals0SourcedOpenAlex, as fetchedOpen the source →Check this number with Ask citations

  Effect of Post-Diffusion Annealing on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Nd-Fe-B Magnets Prepared by Grain Boundary Diffusion Process Using a Pr66Tb10(CoAlGa)24 Alloy ↗

  The effects of post-diffusion annealing on the microstructure and coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets are investigated using a Pr66Tb10(CoAlGa)24 diffusion source. Grain boundary diffusion increases the coercivity from 8.95 to 23.20 kOe, while subsequent annealing at 500 °C…

  Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo Institute of Industrial Technology

  Fundamental research · No laboratory or pilot wording.From OpenAlex · not yet reviewedDOI

• Paper2026-10-08Journal of Applied Physics0SourcedOpenAlex, as fetchedOpen the source →Check this number with Ask citations

  Understanding demagnetization behaviors of heavy rare earth diffused and macro-composite Nd–Fe–B magnets ↗

  The demagnetization mechanism of heavy rare earth grain-boundary diffusion magnets was studied by experiment and micromagnetic simulation. The Tb70Cu30 alloy was employed as the diffusion source. With an increase in the Tb70Cu30 alloy content from 0.8 to 3.0 wt. %, the coercivity…

  South China University of Technology

  Fundamental research · No laboratory or pilot wording.From OpenAlex · not yet reviewedDOI

• Paper2026-10-07Известия Петербургского университета путей сообщения0SourcedOpenAlex, as fetchedOpen the source →Check this number with Ask citations

  Mathematical Modeling of the Thermal Stability of Permanent Magnets under External Demagnetizing Fields for Traction Rolling Stock ↗

  Objective: to develop a method for assessing the residual life of permanent magnets in traction synchronous motors of locomotives based on Nd–Fe–B alloys, taking into account the temperature dependence of magnetic properties. Methods: the study is based on a thermodynamic…

  Tashkent State Transport UniversityPetersburg State Transport University

  Fundamental research · No laboratory or pilot wording.From OpenAlex · not yet reviewedDOIPDF

• Paper2026-10-01Chemical Engineering Journal0SourcedOpenAlex, as fetchedOpen the source →Check this number with Ask citations

  Compositionally tailored Dy–LRE–Zn–Cu diffusion sources for efficient grain boundary diffusion and reduced Dy consumption in Nd–Fe–B magnets ↗

  Fundamental research · No laboratory or pilot wording.From OpenAlex · not yet reviewedDOI

The full pipeline, by stage →

• 2026-09-15open until 2028-03-31

  China will still require export licences for dysprosium and terbium at the end of 2027, and no non-Chinese source will supply more than a tenth of world heavy rare-earth separation capacity.

  Settled by · China's published control list as it stands at the end of 2027, plus capacity figures from a body such as the US Geological Survey or a named producer's own reporting.

All calls →

1. 2026-09-10
   TightensPolicyCN

   China’s November export controls will test whether rare-earth refining and recycling outside it can scale.

   fastmarkets.com ↗secondary source

   The sentence that says so

   “For decades, China has been the dominant supplier of the rare earths required to produce sintered neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets: neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr), dysprosium and terbium.”

   Check this

All events →

• Printed and machined partsone turn: Hours to days

  Worst judgement on this loop: 10 of 12How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →Check this number with Ask, judged 2026-09-15

A loop is one design, build and measure turn. Severity is a dated judgement on a 0–12 scale, not a measurement, and the judgements are not added together — the figure shown is the worst single one.

• Announcement No. 18 of 2025 on export control of certain medium and heavy rare-earth itemsgoverned by

  primary source