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Liquid helium (He-4)

The only practical way to reach the temperatures superconducting magnets and some chip tools need. It cannot be manufactured.

The bottleneck itself →

  1. Research51 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)+1 (Computed: Items first collected in the last 7 days whose publication or award date is within the last 30 days.) new
  2. Lab9 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
  3. Pilot2 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
  4. Early0 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)
  5. Scale0 (Computed: Items per stage = papers, preprints and grants collected for the bottleneck whose relevance score is 2 or more, placed on a stage by the rule in lib/science.ts; judgements are counted separately.)

judged, with a citation claimed, no citationNumber: papers, preprints and grants the feeds collected — unreviewed

Searched for “helium recovery”, “helium liquefaction”, “helium extraction”, “cryogen-free” in titles and abstracts.

51 collected items, newest first ↓Who is active ↓

All stagesFundamental researchApplied / labPilot / demonstrationEarly commercialAt scaleNewestMost cited

Fundamental research — readiness 1 to 2 of the nine-point scale. Evidence it takes: A paper or preprint on the underlying physics or chemistry; a basic-research grant.

Collected by the feeds

Newest first