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Refining & separation · China

Chalco

601600 CHALMMF US Work there, own it, buy from it ↓

Gallium from alumina refining — holds How this is computedCount of bottlenecks on which this organisation is recorded as a producer, a holder of the capacity, or a supplier of a critical part.Method →Code → of the How this is computedCount of rows in the bottleneck corpus: every material plus every non-material chokepoint.Method →Code → bottlenecks tracked here.

Bottlenecks held1 (Computed: Count of bottlenecks on which this organisation is recorded as a producer, a holder of the capacity, or a supplier of a critical part.) of 33each with another maker recordedHardest binding8 (Estimate by Substrata, 2026-09-15: concentration 3 + substitution 1 + lead time 2 + inelasticity 2 = 8 of 12)/12Gallium, refined · judged 2026-09-15Directory gradeChokepointa judgement, not a sourced factEvents0 (Computed: Accepted events that name this organisation, plus (counted separately) accepted events on a bottleneck it holds that do not name it.)name it · 1 more on what it holds

Why graded so · Gallium is an alumina by-product, so supply cannot answer price — and it is export-controlled.

Role cited from mining.com ↗. The grade is this project’s judgement. Report an error

Searching is free and needs no AI. Summaries use your own AI model.

01Chokepoints it holds

1 of 1 sourced
  • Gallium, refined

    Refine · Binding now

    Other makers: East Hope Group CN, Zhuhai Fangyuan CN, Rio Tinto CA, Nyrstar AU, 5N Plus CA DE

    Sourced: mining.com ↗

    Estimate, not a measurementconcentration 3 + substitution 1 + lead time 2 + inelasticity 2 = 8 of 12. China refines nearly all primary gallium and licenses its export. Substitution is possible for some uses, not for GaN.By Substrata · 2026-09-15Supporting source →/123+1+2+2

Score = concentration + substitution + lead time + inelasticity, each 0–3, an analyst judgement dated 2026-09-15; open a score for its rationale and assessment. Makers are those the corpus records, not the whole market. No market-share figure is sourced, so none is shown.

02What has happened

1 about what it holds

About what it holds, not naming Chalco

  • 2025-11-07Gallium, refined

    China suspends the export-control package it issued a month earlier, including its gallium measures, until November 2026. gvw.com ↗

All events →

03Unread leads

6 found by the sweep, unread

Pages the sweep found on these chokepoints. Nobody here has read them yet; they are not events and not evidence.

04What could loosen its grip

about its chokepoints, not the company

  • Silicon or indium phosphide in the device, instead of gallium compounds

    qualified for some uses · Qualification — proving it for this use takes years

    Substitute · for Gallium, refined · pubs.usgs.gov ↗

  • Primary production outside China

    demonstrated, not qualified · Capacity — not enough of it exists

    Substitute · for Gallium, refined · pubs.usgs.gov ↗

05Others at the same step of the chain

directory rows · grades are judgements

06Ways to take part

how to reach it, not whether to

Not investment advice. This says how the public can reach a company — a job, its shares, its products — not whether anyone should. It takes no account of anyone’s circumstances, and a company holding a chokepoint is not a reason to own it. What this is not

Work there
It publishes its roles on its own careers page.Official careers page ↗
Own part of it
Its shares trade publicly as 601600 CH and ALMMF US, bought and sold through a broker that reaches that exchange.601600 CH listing record ↗ALMMF US listing record ↗
Buy from it
What it does in the chain: Gallium from alumina refining. At this depth of the chain most sales are to other businesses, under contract. Its own page describes what it offers.Its own page ↗

07Hiring

official careers page

Its roles are published on its own site, which Substrata links rather than reads. Official careers page ↗

08What this holds up

2 loops
  • Materials qualificationone turn: Years

    makes Gallium, refined, which gates it.

    Worst judgement on this loop: How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →, judged 2026-09-15 · this join is sourced

  • Circuit boardsone turn: One to two weeks

    makes Gallium, refined, which gates it.

    Worst judgement on this loop: How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →, judged 2026-09-15 · this join is sourced

A loop is one design, build and measure turn. Severity is a dated judgement on a 0–12 scale, not a measurement, and the judgements are not added together — the figure shown is the worst single one.

09Sources

1 cited
  1. mining.com ↗ — its role in the chain: Gallium from alumina refining; Gallium, refined: refine

Discussion

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