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Refining & separation · United Kingdom, United States of America, Germany

Linde

LIN US Work there, own it, buy from it ↓

Industrial and electronic gases — holds How this is computedCount of bottlenecks on which this organisation is recorded as a producer, a holder of the capacity, or a supplier of a critical part.Method →Code → of the How this is computedCount of rows in the bottleneck corpus: every material plus every non-material chokepoint.Method →Code → bottlenecks tracked here.

Bottlenecks held2 (Computed: Count of bottlenecks on which this organisation is recorded as a producer, a holder of the capacity, or a supplier of a critical part.) of 33each with another maker recordedHardest binding10 (Estimate by Substrata, 2026-09-15: concentration 2 + substitution 3 + lead time 2 + inelasticity 3 = 10 of 12)/12Liquid helium (He-4) · judged 2026-09-15Directory gradeConcentrateda judgement, not a sourced factEvents0 (Computed: Accepted events that name this organisation, plus (counted separately) accepted events on a bottleneck it holds that do not name it.)name it · 2 more on what it holds

Why graded so · Noble gases come from air separation attached to heavy industry, which limits where they can come from at all.

Role cited from gulf-times.com ↗. The grade is this project’s judgement. Report an error

Searching is free and needs no AI. Summaries use your own AI model.

01Chokepoints it holds

2 of 2 sourced
  • Liquid helium (He-4)

    Refine · Within two years

    Other makers: QatarEnergy QA, ExxonMobil US, Gazprom RU, Air Products US, Air Liquide FR

    Sourced: gulf-times.com ↗

    Estimate, not a measurementconcentration 2 + substitution 3 + lead time 2 + inelasticity 3 = 10 of 12. Qatar, the US and Russia; no substitute below 4 K. Recurring shortages, currently eased by new Qatari trains.By Substrata · 2026-09-15Supporting source →/122+3+2+3
  • Neon, excimer laser grade

    Refine · Within two years

    Other makers: Air Liquide FR, Messer DE, Iceblick UA, Cryoin Engineering UA, Baosteel Gases CN

    Sourced: linde-gas.de ↗

    Estimate, not a measurementconcentration 2 + substitution 3 + lead time 2 + inelasticity 3 = 10 of 12. 2022 showed the map: separation rides on steelmaking and half of it sat in Ukraine. Recycling eased it; another shock would not be absorbed.By Substrata · 2026-09-15Supporting source →/122+3+2+3

Score = concentration + substitution + lead time + inelasticity, each 0–3, an analyst judgement dated 2026-09-15; open a score for its rationale and assessment. Makers are those the corpus records, not the whole market. No market-share figure is sourced, so none is shown.

02What has happened

2 about what it holds

About what it holds, not naming Linde

All events →

03Unread leads

6 found by the sweep, unread

Pages the sweep found on these chokepoints. Nobody here has read them yet; they are not events and not evidence.

04What could loosen its grip

about its chokepoints, not the company
  • On-site neon recycling and separation

    Capturing and re-purifying the rare gas a chip factory uses, instead of buying it fresh from an air separation plant.

    Science · for Neon, excimer laser grade

    readiness
    Estimate, not a measurementPrototype at meaningful scale. Scored 8 here until the source was read. Two years after the shortage, a leading memory maker was still calling its own system an industry first, recovering 72.7% with 77% as a target — which is a working pilot at one firm, not an industry that has adopted it.By Substrata · 2026-09-15Supporting source →/9

  • Any other coolant, below about 4 K

    none known · Physics — no alternative exists

    Substitute · for Liquid helium (He-4) · pubs.usgs.gov ↗

  • High-temperature superconducting magnets that run warmer

    demonstrated, not qualified · Qualification — proving it for this use takes years

    Substitute · for Liquid helium (He-4) · pubs.usgs.gov ↗

Readiness is the 1–9 technology-readiness scale, a dated judgement; open a figure for the reasoning and its source.

05SEC filings

3 most recent, from SEC EDGAR

The company’s own filings, from SEC EDGAR, fetched hourly. Substrata has not judged their effect on any bottleneck.

06Others at the same step of the chain

directory rows · grades are judgements

07Ways to take part

how to reach it, not whether to

Not investment advice. This says how the public can reach a company — a job, its shares, its products — not whether anyone should. It takes no account of anyone’s circumstances, and a company holding a chokepoint is not a reason to own it. What this is not

Work there
It publishes its roles on its own careers page.Official careers page ↗
Own part of it
Its shares trade publicly as LIN US, bought and sold through a broker that reaches that exchange.LIN US listing record ↗Its SEC filings
Buy from it
What it does in the chain: Industrial and electronic gases. At this depth of the chain most sales are to other businesses, under contract. Its own page describes what it offers.Its own page ↗

08Hiring

official careers page

Its roles are published on its own site, which Substrata links rather than reads. Official careers page ↗

09What this holds up

4 loops
  • Energyone turn: Months to years

    makes Liquid helium (He-4), which gates it.

    Worst judgement on this loop: How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →, judged 2026-09-15 · this join is sourced

  • Materials qualificationone turn: Years

    makes Liquid helium (He-4), which gates it.

    Worst judgement on this loop: How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →, judged 2026-09-15 · this join is sourced

  • Siliconone turn: Months

    makes Neon, excimer laser grade, which gates it.

    Worst judgement on this loop: How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →, judged 2026-09-15 · this join is sourced

  • Materials qualificationone turn: Years

    makes Neon, excimer laser grade, which gates it.

    Worst judgement on this loop: How this is computedThe highest severity score among the bottlenecks recorded as gates on the loop.Method →Code →, judged 2026-09-15 · this join is sourced

A loop is one design, build and measure turn. Severity is a dated judgement on a 0–12 scale, not a measurement, and the judgements are not added together — the figure shown is the worst single one.

10Sources

2 cited
  1. gulf-times.com ↗ — its role in the chain: Industrial and electronic gases; Liquid helium (He-4): refine
  2. linde-gas.de ↗ — Neon, excimer laser grade: refine

Discussion

Comments use threadkit (permission is participation). Sign in with OrangeCat to write. Fact-check is the same assistant as Ask, grounded in the corpus.

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