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Gold: who produces it, who holds it

Mine production by country, 2025, and reserves, from USGS (Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026)). Shares, ranks and concentration are computed from those rows.

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Concentration of mine production: How this is computedSum of the squares of each producer’s share of world output (0–1).Method →Code → on the Herfindahl index over the countries listed individually (a single supplier would score one). Reserves: How this is computedSum of the squares of each producer’s share of world output (0–1).Method →Code →.

CountryMine production, 2025 (tonnes)2024Share · rankReserves (tonnes)Share · rankExport restrictions
ChinaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →377How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →3,200How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
RussiaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →310How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →12,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →14
AustraliaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →284How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →13,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
CanadaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →200How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →3,200How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
United StatesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →163How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →3,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
GhanaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →149How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →1,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →2
MexicoSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →140How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →1,400How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
KazakhstanSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →130How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →2,300How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →2
UzbekistanSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →129How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →2,200How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →2
PeruSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →108How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →2,200How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—
South AfricaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →90How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →5,000How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →1
IndonesiaSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →94How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →3,600How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →1
BrazilSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold · 2025Open the source →82How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →2,500How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →—

World total 2025: 3,300 tonnes; reserves: 66,000 tonnes. Countries USGS or EIA fold into “other countries” are not listed or ranked. USGS reserves: the part of an identified resource that could be economically extracted or produced at the time of determination (MCS Appendix C). Roughly proved + probable; not the broader resource. USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026): Gold, table “World Mine Production and Reserves”, read 2026-09-25.

Export restrictions on gold

OECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Critical Raw Materials (2024 data). About 80 exporting countries. A country or resource with no row is not recorded in the inventory, which is not the same as unrestricted. OECD Data Explorer ↗