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Global Resource Map – Location, Production, and Supply-Chain Connections

Bauxite / aluminium · Mine production, bauxite, 2025
  • 0–1%
  • 1%–5%
  • 5%–10%
  • 10%–25%
  • ≥ 25%
  • Withheld, none or n/a
  • Not listed
  • 155 producer sites (USGS), at the facility or its town
  • Province only

Share of the world total, 440,000 kt (thousand tonnes).

Source: USGSSource: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Alumina Refinery and Bauxite Mine Production and Bauxite Reserves

Oceania · AU

Australia

Bauxite / aluminium 97,000 kt (USGS estimate) · 22% of world

×

Role in the chains: extraction · research

Natural resources, measured

Ordered by the country’s largest How this is computedA country's resources are ordered by its largest share of world output on any production column of each table (e.g. palladium within PGMs).Method →Code →. Values are USGS (minerals) or EIA (energy); an “e” marks a USGS estimate.

Bauxite / aluminium 2nd (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 22% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, bauxite, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production, bauxite2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 100,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Refinery production, alumina2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 17,100 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 19 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves (bauxite)2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Amrun Mine (Rio Tinto Ltd., 100%) — bauxite, South of Weipa, QLD capacity 22800 thousand metric tons
  • Andoom and East Weipa Mines (Rio Tinto Ltd., 100%) — bauxite, Weipa, QLD capacity 12700 thousand metric tons
  • Boddington-Worsley open pit bauxite mine {Worsley Alumina Pty. Ltd., manager [South32 Ltd., 86%; Japan Alumina Associates (Australia) Pty. Ltd., 10%; Sojitz Alumina Pty. Ltd., 4%]} — bauxite, 14 km south of Boddington, WA capacity 19000 thousand metric tons
  • Gove open pit bauxite mine [Pacific Aluminium Pty. Ltd. (Rio Tinto Ltd., 100%)] — bauxite, 15 km southeast of Nhulunbuy, NT capacity 13000 thousand metric tons
  • Huntly open pit bauxite mine [Alcoa of Australia Ltd. (Alcoa Corp., 60%, and Alumina Ltd., 40%)] — bauxite, 80 km south of Perth, WA capacity 26000 thousand metric tons
  • Willowdale open pit bauxite mine [Alcoa of Australia Ltd. (Alcoa Corp., 60%, and Alumina Ltd., 40%)] — bauxite, 130 km south of Perth, WA capacity 10000 thousand metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 10 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Constraints and changes, as the sources state them

  • “Mining began in June within expanded boundaries at a bauxite mine near Boddington, Australia, to supply feedstock to a 4.7-million-ton-per-year alumina refinery near Collie, Australia.” USGS ↗

Not in the sources read: export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Alumina Refinery and Bauxite Mine Production and Bauxite Reserves (Data in thousand metric dry tons). Source ↗ World ranking →

Iron ore 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 38% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, usable ore, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production, usable ore2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 982,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 17 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Mine production, iron content2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 607,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 17 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves (iron content)2025 · million tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 17 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Area C Mine (BHP Group Ltd., 85%; ITOCHU Minerals & Energy of Australia Pty. Ltd., 8%; Mitsui Iron Ore Corp. Pty. Ltd., 7%) — iron ore, 180 km east of Port Hedland, Pilbara Region, WA capacity 42000 thousand metric tons
  • Cloudbreak iron ore mine (includes Chichester Range, Christmas Creek, Flinders, Mount Lewin, Mount Nicholas, and WhiteKnight deposits) (Fortescue Metals Group Ltd., 100%) — iron ore, Chichester Ranges, East Pilbara, WA capacity 55000 thousand metric tons
  • Hamersley operations (includes Brockman 2, Brockman 4, Gudai-Darri, Marandoo, Mount Tom Price, Nammuldi, Paraburdoo, Silvergrass, Western Turner Syncline, and Yandicoogina open pit iron ore mines) [Hamersley Iron Pty. Ltd. (Rio Tinto Ltd., 100%)] — iron ore, 30 to 85 km northeast, northwest, and south of Tom Price, WA capacity 200000 thousand metric tons
  • Hope Downs 1 Mine [Hope Downs Iron Ore Pty. Ltd. (Hancock Prospecting Pty. Ltd., 100%), 50%, and Rio Tinto Ltd., 50%] — iron ore, 75 km northwest of Newman, Pilbara region, WA capacity 49000 thousand metric tons
  • Hope Downs 4 Mine [Hope Downs Iron Ore Pty. Ltd. (Hancock Prospecting Pty. Ltd., 100%), 50%, and Rio Tinto Ltd., 50%] — iron ore, Pilbara region, WA capacity 15000 thousand metric tons
  • Jimblebar open pit iron ore mine (Includes ore from Wheelarra JV deposit) [BHP Iron Ore (Jimblebar) Pty. Ltd. (BHP Group Ltd., 85%; ITOCHU Minerals and Energy of Australia, 8%; Mitsui Iron Ore Exploration and Mining Pty. Ltd., 7%)] — iron ore, 40 km east of Newman, WA capacity 20000 thousand metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 4 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in thousand metric tons, usable ore; reserves in million metric tons). Source ↗ World ranking →

Lithium 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 32% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 82,700 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 9 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 10 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Wodgina Mine [MARBL Lithium Joint Venture (Albemarle Corp., 60%, and Mineral Resources Ltd., 40%)] — mine, direct shipping ore, 100 km south of Port Hedland, WA capacity 3500 thousand metric tons
  • Altura lithium mine (Pilbara Minerals Ltd., 100%) — mine, spodumene, concentrate, 90 km south of Port Hedland, WA capacity 220 thousand metric tons
  • Bald Hill lithium and tantalum mine4 (Alita Resources Ltd., 100%) — mine, spodumene, concentrate, 50 km southeast of Kambalda, WA capacity 150 thousand metric tons
  • Greenbushes open pit/underground tantalite-spodumene mine [Talison Lithium Australia Pty. Ltd., operator (Albemarle Corp., 49%; Tianqi Lithium Corp., 26.01%; IGO Ltd., 24.99%)] — mine, spodumene, concentrate, 70 km southeast of Bunbury, WA capacity 740 thousand metric tons
  • Mount Cattlin spodumene mine (Galaxy Resources Ltd., 100%) — mine, spodumene, concentrate, 2 km north of Ravensthorpe, WA capacity 180 thousand metric tons
  • Mount Marion spodumene mine [Reed Industrial Minerals Pty. Ltd. (Mineral Resources Ltd., 50%, and Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd., 50%)] — mine, spodumene, concentrate, 40 km southwest of Kaloorlie, WA capacity 600 thousand metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 3 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Constraints and changes, as the sources state them

  • “Spodumene (6% lithium oxide) prices in Australia (f.o.b.) increased from approximately $800 per ton in January to approximately $970 per ton in November.” USGS ↗
  • “Four brine operations in Argentina, seven mineral operations in Australia, one mineral operation in Brazil, two mineral operations in Canada, two brine operations Chile, nine mineral and six brine operations in China, two mineral operations in Mali, and five mineral operations in Zimbabwe accounted for the majority of world lithium production.” USGS ↗
  • “Brine-based lithium sources were in various stages of development or exploration in Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, China, and the United States; mineral-based lithium sources were in various stages of development or exploration in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Congo (Kinshasa), Czechia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Rwanda, Serbia, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Zimbabwe; lithium-clay sources were in various stages of development or exploration in Mexico and the United States.” USGS ↗

Not in the sources read: export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, lithium content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Gold 3rd (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 8.5% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 284 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Constraints and changes, as the sources state them

  • “China, Russia, Australia, Canada, and the United States were the leading gold producers, in descending order of production, and together accounted for 41% of estimated global production in 2025.” USGS ↗

Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, gold content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Rare earths 3rd (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 7.4% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 29,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 11 countries listed individually.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Mount Weld Mine (Lynas Rare Earth Ltd., 100%) — mine, mineral, Mount Weld, WA capacity 21000 metric tons
  • Kalgoorlie Rare Earths Processing Facility (Lynas Rare Earth Ltd., 100%) — mixed rare-earth carbonate, Kalgoorlie-Boulder, WA

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2). Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, rare-earth-oxide (REO) equivalent). Source ↗ World ranking →

Coal 5th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 5.3% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2024
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Production2024 · thousand tonnesSourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2024Open the source →2023: 442,934.516 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 66 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2023 · million short tonsSourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2023Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 86 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21, Coal, annual (series INTL.7-1-<ISO3>-MT.A) (thousand metric tons; reserves in million short tons). Source ↗ World ranking →

Tin 7th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 4.1% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 11,300 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 14 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 10 countries listed individually.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Greenbushes open pit/underground tantalite-spodumene mine (Global Advanced Metals Ltd., 100%) — mine, sn content, 70 km southeast of Bunbury, WA capacity 1000 metric tons
  • Mount Bischoff open pit mine3 (Metals X Ltd., 50%, and L'sea Resources International Holdings Ltd., and YT Parksong Australia Holdings Pty. Ltd., 50%) — mine, sn content, 55 km southwest of Burnie, TAS capacity 6000 metric tons
  • Renison Bell underground tin mine (Metals X Ltd., 50%, and L'sea Resources International Holdings Ltd. and YT Parksong Australia Holdings Pty. Ltd., 50%) — mine, sn content, 136 km south of Burnie, TAS capacity 4000 metric tons
  • Greenbushes smelter (Global Advanced Metals Ltd., 100%) — smelter, 70 km southeast of Bunbury, WA capacity 1000 metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2). Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, tin content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Silver 9th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 3.8% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 1,050 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 14 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, silver content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Natural gas 7th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 3.6% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2024
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Production2024 · billion m³SourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2024Open the source →2023: 151.313 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 96 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21, Dry natural gas, annual (series INTL.26-1-<ISO3>-BCM.A) (billion cubic metres). Source ↗ World ranking →

Copper 8th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 3.2% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 765 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 14 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Refinery production2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 434 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 17 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 14 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Boddington open pit/underground gold mine (Newmont Mining — mine production,, 130 km southeast of Perth, WA capacity 35 thousand metric tons
  • Mount Isa copper smelter (Glencore Plc., 100%) — smelter, Mount Isa, QLD capacity 250 thousand metric tons
  • Olympic Dam copper smelter [Olympic Dam Corp. Pty. Ltd., operator (BHP Group Ltd., 100%)] — smelter, Roxby Downs, 80 km north of Woomera, SA capacity 70 thousand metric tons
  • Olympic Dam copper refinery [Olympic Dam Corp. Pty. Ltd., operator (BHP Group Ltd., 100%)] — refinery, Roxby Downs, 80 km north of Woomera, SA capacity 235 thousand metric tons
  • Townsville copper refinery (Glencore Plc., 100%) — refinery, Townsville, QLD capacity 300 thousand metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2). Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine and Refinery Production and Reserves (Data in thousand metric tons, copper content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Cobalt 5th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 1.2% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 4,780 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Murrin Murrin open pit nickel-cobalt mine [Murrin Murrin Operations Pty. Ltd. (Glencore, 100%)] — cobalt, mine, co content, 60 km east of Leonora, WA capacity 2000 metric tons
  • Radio Hill underground nickel-cobalt mine and processing plant3 (Artemis Resources Ltd., 100%) — cobalt, mine, co content, 35 km south of Karratha, WA capacity 200 metric tons
  • Nova-Bollinger mine (IGO Ltd., 100%) — cobalt, mine, co content, 160 km east-northeast of Norseman, WA capacity 1100 metric tons
  • Ravensthorpe open pit mine (First Quantum Minerals Ltd., 100%) — cobalt, mine, co content, 155 km west of Esperance, WA capacity 1400 metric tons
  • Savannah underground mine (Panoramic Resources Ltd., 100%) — cobalt, mine, co content, 120 km north of Halls Creek, WA capacity 250 metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2). Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, cobalt content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Antimony 7th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 1.2% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 1,270 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 15 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Costerfield underground antimony-gold mine [AGD Mining, operator (Mandalay Resources Ltd., 100%)] — antimony, 50 km southeast of Bendigo, VIC capacity 4 thousand metric tons
  • Hillgrove Mine3 (Red River Resources Ltd. 100%) — antimony, 25 km east of Armidale, NSW capacity 10 thousand metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2). Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, antimony content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Tungsten 8th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 1.2% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 920 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 11 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 8 countries listed individually.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Kara magnetite and scheelite mine (Tasmania Mines Ltd., 100%) — tungsten, mine, 30 km south of Burnie, TAS capacity 50 metric tons
  • Mount Carbine tungsten mine (EQ Resources Ltd., 100%) — tungsten, mine, 75 km west of Caims, QLD capacity 4000 metric tons
  • Wolfram Camp molybdenum-tungsten mine (Almonty Industries Inc., 100%) — tungsten, mine, 85 km west of Caims, QLD capacity 500 metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2). Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, tungsten content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Nickel 8th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 1.2% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 98,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 9 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 9 countries listed individually.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Who produces it

  • Avebury nickel mine and processing plant (includes Bison, North Avebury, Saxon, and West Viking deposits) (Mallee Resources Ltd., 100%) — mine, ni content, Near Zeehan, TAS capacity 7 thousand metric tons
  • Beta Hunt nickel-gold mine (includes Beta Hunt and East Alpha deposits) [Salt Lake Mining Pty. Ltd. (Karora Resources Ltd., 100%)] — mine, ni content, 60 km south of Kalgoorlie, WA capacity 3 thousand metric tons
  • Black Swan underground nickel mine3 (includes Silver Swan deposits) (Poseidon Nickel Ltd., 100%) — mine, ni content, 53 km northeast of Kalgoorlie, WA capacity 10 thousand metric tons
  • Cosmos project3 (includes Odysseus underground nickel mine) (IGO Ltd., 100%) — mine, ni content, 50 km north of Leinster, WA capacity 13 thousand metric tons
  • Forrestania operation (includes Fly Fox and Spotted quoll underground nickel mines and Cosmic Boy concentrator) (IGO Ltd., 100%) — mine, ni content, 100 km north of Ravensthorpe, WA capacity 25 thousand metric tons
  • Kambalda nickel mine (includes Cassini, Durkin North, Otter Juan, and Long deposits) (Mincor Resources NL, 100%) — mine, ni content, 120 km west of Norseman, WA capacity 16 thousand metric tons

USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 13 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗

Constraints and changes, as the sources state them

  • “Production in Australia decreased by an estimated 54% after multiple companies placed mines into care-and-maintenance status owing to low prices.” USGS ↗

Not in the sources read: export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, nickel content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Silicon metal 5th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 1.0% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, silicon metal, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Production, silicon metal2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 47 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Production, ferrosilicon2025 · thousand tonnesnone2024: 0World: not ranked

Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Production (Data in thousand metric tons, silicon content). Source ↗ World ranking →

Phosphates 13th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 1.0% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Mine production2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →2024: 2,500 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 24 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Reserves2025 · thousand tonnesSourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source →Year before: —World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 24 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.

Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in thousand metric tons, marketable phosphate rock). Source ↗ World ranking →

Hydropower 42nd (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 0.3% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2024
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Production2024 · terawatt-hoursSourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2024Open the source →2023: 15.23 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 153 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21, Hydroelectricity net generation, annual (series INTL.33-12-<ISO3>-BKWH.A) (billion kilowatthours). Source ↗ World ranking →

Oil 31st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 0.3% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2025
MeasureValueYear beforeWorld standing
Production2025 · thousand barrels a daySourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2025Open the source →2024: 270.393 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →)World: How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 99 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (country not in the OECD 2024 inventory) · EU or US sanctions naming it.

EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21, Crude oil including lease condensate, annual (series INTL.57-1-<ISO3>-TBPD.A) (thousand barrels per day). Source ↗ World ranking →

Also named in the directory, with no production table for this country: Uranium (no open table read).

Gaps: Oil and natural gas reserves: not in the EIA bulk file (formerly Oil & Gas Journal figures). Energy Institute Statistical Review has them under its own licence; not read. Uranium: not in EIA international data. The OECD-NEA/IAEA 'Red Book' publishes it as a PDF report; not read.

Market access

Export restrictions it applies

Not covered by (OECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Critical Raw Materials (2024 data)).

Sanctions that name it

No EU regime and no OFAC country program. Thematic lists (terrorism, cyber, human rights) can still name its people and companies.

Read 2026-09-26 from the EU Sanctions Map and OFAC’s program list. A regime targets what its measures name — listed persons, goods, services — not the whole country. UK: gov.uk publishes each regime as prose, with no machine-readable list of measures per regime; not read.

Peers on bauxite / aluminium

The other leading countries by mine production, bauxite, 2025 (USGS/EIA); this country is How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →.

  1. Guinea How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  2. China How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  3. Brazil How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  4. India How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  5. Indonesia How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Peers on iron ore

The other leading countries by mine production, usable ore, 2025 (USGS/EIA); this country is How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →.

  1. Brazil How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  2. India How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  3. China How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  4. Iran How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  5. Russia How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Peers on lithium

The other leading countries by mine production, 2025 (USGS/EIA); this country is How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →.

  1. China How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  2. Chile How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  3. Zimbabwe How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  4. Argentina How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
  5. Brazil How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →

Related bottlenecks

Organisations

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