Global Resource Map – Location, Production, and Supply-Chain Connections
- 0–1%
- 1%–5%
- 5%–10%
- 10%–25%
- ≥ 25%
- Not listed
- 96 producer sites (USGS), at the facility or its town
- Province only
Share of the world total, 310,000 t (tonnes).
East Asia · CN
China
Cobalt 2,000 t (USGS estimate) · 0.65% of world
Role in the chains: extraction · refining · manufacturing · energy · permitting · research
Natural resources, measured
Ordered by the country’s largest How this is computedA country's resources are ordered by its largest share of world output on any production column of each table (e.g. palladium within PGMs).Method →Code →. Values are USGS (minerals) or EIA (energy); an “e” marks a USGS estimate.
Cobalt 9th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 0.6% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 2,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 12 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 12 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Hainan Mining Co. Ltd. — mine, Hainan, Changjiang capacity 110 metric tons
- Jinchuan Group Co. Ltd. — mine, Gansu, Jinchang, Jinchuan capacity 6000 metric tons
- Shandong Jinling Mining Co. Ltd. — mine, Shandong, Yantai, Zhaoyuan capacity 110 metric tons
- Xinjiang Xinxin Mining Industry Co. Ltd. — mine, Xinjiang Uyghur, Fuyun capacity 100 metric tons
- Yuanjiang Nickel Industry Co. Ltd. (Yunnan Tin Industry Group Co. Ltd.) — mine, Yunnan, Yuxi, Yuanjiang capacity 80 metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2). Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “China remained the world leading producer of refined cobalt and the world leading consumer, primarily for the lithium-ion battery industry.” USGS ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on chemical, intermediate, scrap since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- VAT tax rebate reduction / withdrawal 13% on chemical since 2013-01-01 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, cobalt content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Gallium 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · ~100% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of primary production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary production2025 · kilograms | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 839,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 3 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 3 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Production capacity2025 · kilograms | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 3 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 3 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Who produces it
- Aluminum Corporation of China (Chinalco), of which: Chalco Zunyi Aluminum Co. Ltd. — gallium, metal, Guizhou, Zunyi capacity 150 metric tons
- Pingguo Aluminum Co. Ltd. — gallium, metal, Guangxi, Pingguo capacity 40 metric tons
- East Hope Group Co. Ltd., of which: East Hope Jinzhong Aluminum Co. Ltd. — gallium, metal, Shanxi, Lingshi capacity 60 metric tons
- East Hope Mianchi Gallium Industry Co. Ltd. — gallium, metal, Henan, Sanmenxia capacity 80 metric tons
- Shandong Aluminium Industry Co. Ltd. — gallium, metal, Shandong, Zibo capacity 20 metric tons
- Shanxi Zhaofeng Aluminum & Power Co. Ltd. — gallium, metal, Shanxi, Yangquan capacity 25 metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 12 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
- Chalco — Gallium, refined, refine (sourced)
- East Hope Group — Gallium, refined, refine (sourced)
- Zhuhai Fangyuan — Gallium, refined, refine (sourced)
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “In November 2025, China lifted its ban on gallium exports to the United States for 1 year.” USGS ↗
- “This followed the Government of China’s gallium export controls implemented in August 2023 and China’s ban of all gallium exports to the United States in December 2024.” USGS ↗
- “China accounted for 99% of worldwide primary low-purity gallium production.” USGS ↗
- “The remaining primary low-purity gallium producers outside of China included Japan and Russia.” USGS ↗
- 2025-11-07 China suspends the export-control package it issued a month earlier, including its gallium measures, until November 2026. Source ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on metal since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 HS line shared with hafnium, niobium, rhenium, gallium, indium, vanadium and germanium Legal text ↗
- Licensing requirement on metal since 2023-08-01, until 2024-12-31 HS line shared with hafnium, niobium, rhenium, gallium, indium, vanadium and germanium Legal text ↗
- VAT tax rebate reduction / withdrawal on metal since 2010-07-15 HS line shared with hafnium, niobium, rhenium, gallium, indium, vanadium and germanium Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Low-Purity Production and Production Capacity (Data in kilograms, gallium content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Silicon metal 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 87% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, silicon metal, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production, silicon metal2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 4,800 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 12 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Production, ferrosilicon2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 3,100 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 13 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Who produces it
- Blue Star Silicon Materials Co. Ltd. [China National Chemical Corp. Ltd. (ChemChina), 79.5%] — ferrosilicon, Gansu, Lanzhou, Zhongbao
- Gansu Hongyu Ferroalloy Co. Ltd. — ferrosilicon, Gansu, Baiyin, Jingtai capacity 100 thousand metric tons
- Inner Mongolia Erdos Resources Co. Ltd. — ferrosilicon, Nei Mongol, Erdos, Otog capacity 1600 thousand metric tons
- Inner Mongolia Junzheng Energy & Chemical Co. Ltd. — ferrosilicon, Nei Mongol, Wuhai capacity 300 thousand metric tons
- Ningxia Darshan Silicon Industry Co. Ltd. — ferrosilicon, Ningxia, Wuzhong capacity 36 thousand metric tons
- Ningxia Rongsheng Ferroalloy Group Co. Ltd. — ferrosilicon, Ningxia, Rongsheng capacity 90 thousand metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 41 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “China accounted for almost 80% of total global estimated production of silicon materials in 2025.” USGS ↗
- “In April 2025, prices of silicon metal from China were the lowest since November 2016.” USGS ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on ferroalloy since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 25% on ferroalloy since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- VAT tax rebate reduction / withdrawal 13% on metal since 2019-04-01 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Production (Data in thousand metric tons, silicon content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Tungsten 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 79% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 67,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 11 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 11 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 8 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 8 countries listed individually.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Anhua Tiangong Jinyuan Alloy Materials Co. Ltd. — ferrotungsten, Hunan, Yiyang, Anhua
- Ganzhou Jiangwu Ferrotungsten Co. Ltd. [Jiangxi Tungsten Industry Group Co. Ltd. (JWYX)] — ferrotungsten, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, Ganxian capacity 6 thousand metric tons
- Hunan Chuangda Vanadium Tungsten Co. Ltd. (HCVT) — ferrotungsten, Hunan, Hengyang, Hengdong capacity 14 thousand metric tons
- Shinwon Tungsten (Fujian Shanghang) Co. Ltd. — ferrotungsten, Fujian, Longyan capacity 5 thousand metric tons
- China Molybdenum Co. Ltd. — mine, wo3 in concentrate, Henan, Luanchuan, Lengshui capacity 8 thousand metric tons
- China Tungsten High-Tech Materials Co. Ltd. (China Minmetals Corp., 100%) — mine, wo3 in concentrate, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, Xiushui capacity 4 thousand metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 15 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “China continued to be the world’s leading producer, importer, and consumer of tungsten concentrates.” USGS ↗
- “China’s consumption and imports increased significantly in 2025.” USGS ↗
- “At the end of 2024, the United States, under section 301(b) of the Trade Act of 1974, increased tariffs to 50% on several tungsten products from China, and in February 2025 China implemented new export controls on selected tungsten items.” USGS ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on ore, chemical, metal, scrap since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 20% on ore since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, tungsten content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Graphite 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 78% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 1,270,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 18 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 18 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 15 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 15 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Heilongjiang Hegang Graphite Industry Co. Ltd. — graphite, Heilongjiang, Luobei
- Hensen Graphite Co. Ltd. — graphite, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu and Nei Mongol capacity 30 thousand metric tons
- Jixi Aoyu Graphite Co. Ltd. — graphite, Heilongjiang, Jixi capacity 100 thousand metric tons
- Jixi Puchen Graphite Co. Ltd. — graphite, Heilongjiang, Jixi capacity 80 thousand metric tons
- Luobei Haida Graphite Co. Ltd. — graphite, Heilongjiang, Hegang
- Nei Mongol Xinghe Jingyin Graphite Co. Ltd. — graphite, Nei Mongol, Xinghe capacity 10 thousand metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 2 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “The leading sources in 2025 were China (55%), Indonesia (31%), and the Republic of Korea (14%).” USGS ↗
- “In December 2024, a group of graphite producers based in North America submitted a petition asking the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) and the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) to review China’s trade practices involving graphite active anode material (AAM).” USGS ↗
- “The ITC determined that AAM from China was likely being sold at less than fair market value in the United States.” USGS ↗
- “In 2025, China was the world’s leading natural graphite supplier, producing an estimated 82% of total world production.” USGS ↗
- “Most production of natural graphite in China was crystalline flake.” USGS ↗
- “During the first 9 months of the year, China exported 115,000 tons of natural graphite, 6% more than the 109,000 tons exported during the same period in 2024.” USGS ↗
- “During the first 9 months of 2025, China exported 37,400 tons of spherical purified graphite (SPG), 29% more than the 29,100 tons exported during the same period in 2024.” USGS ↗
- “The leading recipients of natural graphite from China in the first 9 months of 2025 were Japan (36%), Indonesia (22%), the Republic of Korea (10%), and Germany (8%).” USGS ↗
- “The leading recipients of SPG from China in the first 9 months of 2025 were the Republic of Korea (40%), Indonesia (33%), Japan (16%), and the United States (11%).” USGS ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on ore since 2023-12-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- VAT tax rebate reduction / withdrawal 9% on ore since 2024-12-01 Legal text ↗
- VAT tax rebate reduction / withdrawal 13% on ore since 2015-01-01, until 2024-11-30 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons). Source ↗ World ranking →
Rare earths 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 69% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 270,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 12 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 11 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 11 countries listed individually.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- China Northern Rare Earth (Group) High-Tech Co. Ltd. [Baotou Iron and Steel (Group) Co. Ltd.] — mine, Banyan Obo Mine, Nei Mongol, Baotou capacity 179000 metric tons
- China Rare Earth Group Co. Ltd. (State-owned Assets Supervision Administration Commission of the State Council, 31.2%; China Minmetals Rare Earth Co. Ltd., 20.3%; China Southern Rare Earth Group Co. Ltd., 20.3%; Chinalco Rare Earth and Metals Co. Ltd., 20.3%; and others, 7.8%), of which: — mine, Ganzhou, Jiangxi
- Chinalco Rare Earth and Metals Co. Ltd. — mine, Shandong and Sichuan Provinces capacity 23900 metric tons
- China Rare Earth Resources and Technology Co. Ltd. — mine, Jiangxi, Ganzhou capacity 2000 metric tons
- China Southern Rare Earth Group Co. Ltd. — mine, Jiangxi and Sichuan Provinces capacity 42400 metric tons
- Longyan Rare Earth Development Co. Ltd. (Xiamen Tungsten Industry Co. Ltd.) — mine, Fujian, Longyan, Xinluo capacity 3400 metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 6 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
- China Northern Rare Earth — Didymium (Nd-Pr) metal, magnet feed, refine (sourced)
- Shenghe Resources — Didymium (Nd-Pr) metal, magnet feed, refine (sourced)
- China Rare Earth Group — Dysprosium metal, refine (unverified)
- Shenghe Resources — Dysprosium metal, refine (unverified)
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “In April 2025, China tightened its export controls on rare-earth elements, adding specific controls on alloys, compounds, metals, and oxides of samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium.” USGS ↗
- “In October, China expanded its rare-earths export controls to include europium, holmium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium.” USGS ↗
- “In November, China suspended the October export controls for 1 year.” USGS ↗
- “The April export controls remained in effect, although China began to issue general export licenses to selected exporters.” USGS ↗
- 2026-09-10 China’s November export controls will test whether rare-earth refining and recycling outside it can scale. Source ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on metal, chemical since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, rare-earth-oxide (REO) equivalent). Source ↗ World ranking →
Bauxite / aluminium 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 62% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of refinery production, alumina, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production, bauxite2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 80,500 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 13 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Refinery production, alumina2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 85,500 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 19 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 19 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves (bauxite)2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 13 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Aluminum Corporation of China (Chinalco) — bauxite, Mines in multiple Provinces capacity 30400 thousand metric tons
- Guangxi Tiandong Jinxin Chemical Co. Ltd. — bauxite, Guangxi, Tiandong capacity 1000 thousand metric tons
- Huayang New Material Technology Group Co. Ltd. — bauxite, Shanxi, Yangquan, Pingan capacity 2200 thousand metric tons
- Luoyang Xiangjiang Wanji Aluminum Industry Co. Ltd. — bauxite, Henan, Xin'an capacity 2000 thousand metric tons
- Yunnan Aluminium Co. Ltd. — bauxite, Yunnan, Kunming capacity 2500 thousand metric tons
- Yunnan Wenshan Aluminum Co. Ltd. — bauxite, Yunnan, Wenshan capacity 3000 thousand metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 37 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on ore since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 0% on metal since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 30% on metal since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- All 4 measures →
Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Alumina Refinery and Bauxite Mine Production and Bauxite Reserves (Data in thousand metric dry tons). Source ↗ World ranking →
Coal 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 50% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2024
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production2024 · thousand tonnes | Source: EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 (2024)SourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2024Open the source → | 2023: 4,362,064.937 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 66 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 66 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2023 · million short tons | Source: EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 (2023)SourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2023Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 86 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 86 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on ore since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21, Coal, annual (series INTL.7-1-<ISO3>-MT.A) (thousand metric tons; reserves in million short tons). Source ↗ World ranking →
Copper 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 48% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of refinery production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 1,840 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 14 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 14 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Refinery production2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 12,400 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 17 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 17 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 14 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 14 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Anhui Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co. Ltd. — mine, cu content, Anhui, Anqing capacity 47 thousand metric tons
- Baiyin Nonferrous Group Co. Ltd. — mine, cu content, Gansu, Baiyin capacity 30 thousand metric tons
- China Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Mining Ltd. — mine, cu content, Hubei, Huangshi capacity 26 thousand metric tons
- China Gold International Resources Corp. Ltd. — mine, cu content, Central Xizang capacity 87 thousand metric tons
- China National Gold Group Co. Ltd. — mine, cu content, Xinjiang Uyghur, Wunuketushan capacity 61 thousand metric tons
- Chinalco Yunnan Copper Group Co. Ltd. — mine, cu content, Yunnan, Kunming capacity 113 thousand metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 44 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Export tax 30% on intermediate since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 5% on metal since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 10% on metal since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- All 4 measures →
Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine and Refinery Production and Reserves (Data in thousand metric tons, copper content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Phosphates 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 44% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 105,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 24 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 24 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 24 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 24 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “Global production of phosphate rock was estimated to be 5% higher than that in 2024, with China, Morocco, the United States, and Russia, in descending order of production, remaining the leading producers.” USGS ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on ore since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in thousand metric tons, marketable phosphate rock). Source ↗ World ranking →
Antimony 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 36% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 40,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 15 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 15 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 13 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “In 2024, the average monthly antimony price nearly doubled from $9. per pound in August to $18. per pound in December after China announced export restrictions on antimony in August and then banned all exports of antimony to the United States in December.” USGS ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on chemical since 2024-09-15, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Licensing requirement on ore, chemical, metal, scrap since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 20% on ore, scrap since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- All 4 measures →
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, antimony content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Hydropower 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 32% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2024
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production2024 · terawatt-hours | Source: EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 (2024)SourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2024Open the source → | 2023: 1,242.272 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 153 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 153 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (OECD 2024) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21, Hydroelectricity net generation, annual (series INTL.33-12-<ISO3>-BKWH.A) (billion kilowatthours). Source ↗ World ranking →
Tin 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 24% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 71,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 14 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 14 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 10 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 10 countries listed individually.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Guangxi Pinggui PGMA Co. Ltd. — mine, sn content, Guangxi, Hezhou capacity 4 thousand metric tons
- Guanxi Huaxi Group Co. Ltd. — mine, sn content, Guangxi, Hechi, Nandan
- Inner Mongolia Xingye Mining Co. Ltd. (Xiwuzhumuqin Yinman Mining Co. Ltd.) — mine, sn content, Nei Mongol, Xilingol capacity 8 thousand metric tons
- Liuzhou Huaxi Group Co. — mine, sn content, Guangxi, Laibin capacity 11 thousand metric tons
- Southern Mining Co. Ltd. — mine, sn content, Hunan, Chenzhou capacity 3 thousand metric tons
- Yunnan Hualian Zinc Indium Co. Ltd. — mine, sn content, Yunnan, Maguan
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 21 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
- Yunnan Tin — High-purity tin, EUV droplet grade, refine (sourced)
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on ore, metal, scrap since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 20% on ore since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, tin content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Lithium 2nd (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 21% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 41,400 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 9 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 9 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 10 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 10 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Antai Mining Co. Ltd. — mine, Chongqing capacity 3 thousand metric tons
- Fujian Zhonghe Co. Ltd. — mine, Sichuan, Maerkang capacity 6 thousand metric tons
- Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd. — mine, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, Ningdu capacity 20 thousand metric tons
- Ganzizhou Rongda Lithium Co. Ltd. (Youngy Co. Ltd.) — mine, Sichuan, Tagong capacity 8 thousand metric tons
- Jinchuan Aoyinuo Mining Co. Ltd. (Chengxin Lithium Group) — mine, Sichuan, Jinchuan, Yelonggou capacity 13 thousand metric tons
- Ningxia Non-Ferrous Metals Import and Export Corp. (operator), and Yichun Tantalum Co. Ltd. (owner) — mine, Jiangxi, Yichun, Yifeng capacity 30 thousand metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 38 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “However, considerable EV sales growth in China and Europe and increased demand for battery energy storage systems contributed to lithium price increases during the second half of 2025.” USGS ↗
- “Spot lithium carbonate prices in China [cost, insurance, and freight (c.i.f.)] increased from approximately $9,300 per ton in January to approximately $10,300 per ton in November.” USGS ↗
- “Spot lithium hydroxide prices in China [free on board (f.o.b.)] increased from approximately $10,300 per ton in January to approximately $11,200 per ton in November.” USGS ↗
- “Four brine operations in Argentina, seven mineral operations in Australia, one mineral operation in Brazil, two mineral operations in Canada, two brine operations Chile, nine mineral and six brine operations in China, two mineral operations in Mali, and five mineral operations in Zimbabwe accounted for the majority of world lithium production.” USGS ↗
- “Additionally, smaller operations in Argentina, Brazil, China, Portugal, and the United States also contributed to world lithium production.” USGS ↗
- “Despite some lithium producers reducing output or expansion projects being postponed in 2025 owing to low prices, significant production capacity expansions took place in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Mali, the United States, and Zimbabwe.” USGS ↗
- “Brine-based lithium sources were in various stages of development or exploration in Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, China, and the United States; mineral-based lithium sources were in various stages of development or exploration in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Congo (Kinshasa), Czechia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Rwanda, Serbia, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Zimbabwe; lithium-clay sources were in various stages of development or exploration in Mexico and the United States.” USGS ↗
Not in the sources read: export restrictions (OECD 2024) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, lithium content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Silver 3rd (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 13% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 3,430 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 14 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 14 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 12 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 12 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on metal since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- VAT tax rebate reduction / withdrawal 13% on scrap since 2020-03-20 Legal text ↗
- VAT tax rebate reduction / withdrawal on metal since 2010-07-15 Legal text ↗
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, silver content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Gold 1st (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 12% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 377 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 13 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 13 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 13 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “China, Russia, Australia, Canada, and the United States were the leading gold producers, in descending order of production, and together accounted for 41% of estimated global production in 2025.” USGS ↗
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · export restrictions (OECD 2024) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, gold content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Iron ore 4th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 11% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, iron content, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production, usable ore2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 293,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 17 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 17 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Mine production, iron content2025 · thousand tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 183,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 17 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 17 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves (iron content)2025 · million tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 17 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 17 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Add New Energy Investment Holdings Group Ltd. — iron ore, mine, concentrate, Shandong, Yangzhuang capacity 2300 thousand metric tons
- Anshan Mining Co. Ltd. — iron ore, mine, concentrate, Liaoning, Anshan capacity 30000 thousand metric tons
- Aowei Holding Ltd. — iron ore, mine, concentrate, Hebei, Laiyuan capacity 15800 thousand metric tons
- Banshigou Iron Mine Mining Co. Ltd. — iron ore, mine, concentrate, Jilin, Hunjiang capacity 1400 thousand metric tons
- Baotou Iron and Steel Group Co. Ltd. — iron ore, mine, concentrate, Nei Mongol, Baotou capacity 10000 thousand metric tons
- Baowu Maanshan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. — iron ore, mine, concentrate, Anhui, Maanshan capacity 5000 thousand metric tons
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 21 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
- Baosteel — Grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES), convert (sourced)
Constraints and changes, as the sources state them
- “Global prices of iron ore averaged a unit value of $99. per ton (spot prices for imported iron ore fines, 62% iron content, cost, insurance, and freight, at Tianjin Port, China) in the first 9 months of 2025, a decrease from $112. during the same period in 2024.” USGS ↗
- “Global end-use consumption of steel products was affected in 2025 by declining steel demand in China offset by growth in developing economies including Egypt, India, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam.” USGS ↗
- 2026-09-14 ArcelorMittal and China Oriental open a 1.8 Mt/yr electrical steel joint venture in Changzhou; the first phase is non-oriented. Source ↗
Not in the sources read: export restrictions (OECD 2024) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in thousand metric tons, usable ore; reserves in million metric tons). Source ↗ World ranking →
Natural gas 4th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 6.1% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2024
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production2024 · billion m³ | Source: EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 (2024)SourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2024Open the source → | 2023: 239.402 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 96 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 96 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (OECD 2024) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21, Dry natural gas, annual (series INTL.26-1-<ISO3>-BCM.A) (billion cubic metres). Source ↗ World ranking →
Oil 6th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 5.1% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production2025 · thousand barrels a day | Source: EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 (2025)SourcedEIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21 · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 4,234.027 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 99 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 99 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (OECD 2024) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
EIA International Energy Statistics, EIA international bulk file, updated 2026-09-21, Crude oil including lease condensate, annual (series INTL.57-1-<ISO3>-TBPD.A) (thousand barrels per day). Source ↗ World ranking →
Nickel 6th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 3.1% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of mine production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mine production2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 115,000 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 9 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 9 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · tonnes | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | Year before: — | World: Among 9 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 9 countries listed individually.Method →Code → |
Reserves ÷ 2025 production: How this is computedPublished reserves ÷ annual production, same place, unit and year.Method →Code → at that rate. Reserves are what is economic to extract now (roughly proved + probable), not all that exists; they move with price and technology.
Who produces it
- Baosteel Desheng Stainless Steel Co. Ltd. (Baowu Group) — ferronickel, nickel pig iron, Fujian, Fuzhou, Luoyuan capacity 1200 thousand metric tons
- Fujian Dingxin Nickel Industry Co. Ltd. — ferronickel, nickel pig iron, Fujian, Fu'an, Wuwan capacity 1120 thousand metric tons
- Guangdong Century Tsingshan Nickel Industry Co. Ltd. — ferronickel, nickel pig iron, Guangdong, Yangjiang capacity 210 thousand metric tons
- Guangdong Guangqing Metal Technology Co. Ltd. — ferronickel, nickel pig iron, Guangdong, Yangjiang capacity 2300 thousand metric tons
- Guangxi Beigang New Material Co. Ltd. (Guangxi Chengde Group Co. Ltd.) — ferronickel, nickel pig iron, Guangxi, Beihai, Tieshangang capacity 1500 thousand metric tons
- Huaxiao Stainless Steel Corporation Ltd., of which: — ferronickel, nickel pig iron,
USGS Minerals Yearbook 2023, Table 2. Structure of the mineral industry (Table 2), 41 more rows. Annual capacity in the unit USGS prints for each commodity. Chapter ↗ Table ↗
Export restrictions (OECD, 2024 data)
- Licensing requirement on intermediate, metal, scrap since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 5% on metal since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- Export tax 15% on metal since 2024-01-01, until 2024-12-31 Legal text ↗
- All 4 measures →
Not in the sources read: constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Mine Production and Reserves (Data in metric tons, nickel content). Source ↗ World ranking →
Helium 6th (Computed: Position of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.) · 1.6% (Computed: A place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.) of production, 2025
| Measure | Value | Year before | World standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production2025 · million m³ | Source: USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) (2025)SourcedUSGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026) · 2025Open the source → | 2024: 3 (How this is computedLatest year ÷ the year before − 1, same country, same column of the same table (USGS or EIA).Method →Code →) | World: Among 7 countries listed individually.How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Among 7 countries listed individually.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code → |
| Reserves2025 · million m³ | not available | Year before: — | World: not ranked |
Not in the sources read: producers (USGS 2023 country chapter, corpus) · constraints or changes (USGS, accepted events) · export restrictions (OECD 2024) · EU or US sanctions naming it.
USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (February 2026), World Production and Reserves (Data in million cubic meters). Source ↗ World ranking →
Market access
Export restrictions it applies
Source: OECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Critical Raw Materials (2024 data)SourcedOECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Critical Raw Materials (2024 data)Open the source → measures recorded on antimony, bauxite / aluminium, coal, cobalt, gallium, nickel, platinum-group metals, phosphates, rare earths, silicon metal, silver, tin, tungsten, graphite, copper — listed under each resource above.
Sanctions that name it
- EU · Specific restrictive measures in relation to the events at the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Applies: arms embargo. Amended 1989-06-27. EU Sanctions Map ↗
- US · Chinese Military Companies Sanctions OFAC ↗
- US · Hong Kong-Related Sanctions OFAC ↗
Read 2026-09-26 from the EU Sanctions Map and OFAC’s program list. A regime targets what its measures name — listed persons, goods, services — not the whole country. UK: gov.uk publishes each regime as prose, with no machine-readable list of measures per regime; not read.
Peers on cobalt
The other leading countries by mine production, 2025 (USGS/EIA); this country is How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →.
- Congo (Kinshasa) How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- Indonesia How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- Russia How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- Madagascar How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- Australia How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Peers on gallium
The other leading countries by primary production, 2025 (USGS/EIA); this country is How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →.
- Russia How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- Japan How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Peers on silicon metal
The other leading countries by production, silicon metal, 2025 (USGS/EIA); this country is How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code →.
- Brazil How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- Norway How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- France How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- Australia How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
- Russia How this is computedPosition of a country when the countries USGS lists individually are sorted by the same column, largest first; equal values share a rank.Method →Code → · How this is computedA place's annual production ÷ the published world total, same unit and year.Method →Code →
Related bottlenecks
Organisations
Rules
Events
- 2026-09-13 Shanghai Electric wins its first overseas heavy-duty gas turbine order, 500 MW in Malaysia.
- 2026-09-10 China’s November export controls will test whether rare-earth refining and recycling outside it can scale.
- 2026-09-14 ArcelorMittal and China Oriental open a 1.8 Mt/yr electrical steel joint venture in Changzhou; the first phase is non-oriented.
- 2025-11-07 China suspends the export-control package it issued a month earlier, including its gallium measures, until November 2026.
Connected
- hosts Yunnan Tin
- hosts Shenghe Resources
- hosts Chalco
- hosts China Northern Rare Earth
- hosts Baosteel Gases
- hosts China Rare Earth Group
- hosts East Hope Group
- hosts Jiangsu Pacific Quartz
- hosts Zhuhai Fangyuan
- hosts Ferrotec
- hosts Baosteel
- hosts Shanghai Superconductor